Sejarah Dan Perkembangan Komputer

History Of Computer

                “ An electronic system to manipulate data rapidly and correctly which is organized so that it can automatically accept and save input data, processes it and finally the result of the processing is an output in the form of information.”

                (Donald H. Sanders ,Computer Today)

1^st Generation (1940-1959

The characteristics of the first generation of computers:

v  Operational instruction is made specifically for a certain task

v  The components used are vacuum tubes for it circuit.

v  The program can only be made by machine language.

v  Using the concept of stored program with its main memory, which is magnetic core storage.

v  Using external storage of magnetic tape and magnetic disk.

The size of the computer is big, it needs large space

Example of 1^st Generation

                                                   EDVAC

                                                                 UNIVAC

2^nd Generation (1959-1964)

Computers of second generation have the following characters:

v  Components used are transistor for the circuit.

v  Program can be created by high level language.

v  The capacity of main memory is huge enough by the development of magnetic core storage can save tens thousands characters.

v  Uses external storage of magnetic tape and magnetic disk in the form of removable disk or disk pack.

v  Has the ability of real-time process and time sharing.

2^nd Generation (1959-1964) contd.

v  The physical size of this computer is smaller than the first generation’s.

v  The operational process is fast, it can process millions of operations per second.

v  Needs less electrical power.

v  The orientation is not only to business application but also in technical application

Example of 2^nd Generation

3^rd Generation (1964-1970)

The third generations of computers have the following characters:

v  The components used are IC (Integrated Circuits), in the form of hybrid integrated circuits and monolithic integrated circuits. Hybrid integrated circuit or solid logic technology (SLT) is a transistor and diode put separately in one place.

v  The improvement of the software.

v  Faster and more accurate. The speed is almost 10000 times faster compared to the first generations. The speed is measured in microseconds. Even until nanosecond (billions operation per second).

v  The capacity of computer memory is larger, it can save hundreds thousands of characters.

v  Uses external storage which is random access (is able to insert data record randomly), which is by magnetic with huge capacity (millions of characters).

3^rd Generation (1964-1970) contd

v  Uses less energy compared to the previous generations of computers.

v  Is possible to conduct multiprocessing, means that it can process a number of data from different sources at the same time and multiprogramming, means that it can do several programs simultaneously.

v  The development of input-output device using visual display terminal that can display pictures and graphics, can accept and produce sound, and also completed by MICR (magnetic ink characters recognition) reader.

v  The price is cheaper compared to the previous generations.

v  The ability of conducting data communication from one computer and the other via communication device such as telephone.

Example of 3^rd Generation

4^th Generation (1970)

v  Fourth generation computers were characterized by using very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits and semiconductor memories.

v  5.4 million transistors could be packed on a single chip as small as a fingernail.

Example of 4^th Generation

5^th Generation

v  It is hard to define a true fifth generation computer in regard to technological breakthroughs.

v  However, there was a fifth generation computer project in Japan which worked on the design of appropriate software running on a cluster of high speed processors in order to perform a specific common goal.

Type Of Computer

Types ofBased on processed data, computer can be classified as:

v  Analog Computer

v  Digital Computer

v  Hybrid Computer

Computer base on its Use

•       Special-Purpose Computer

                This computer is designed to solve a special problem, usually only one particular problem. This computer can be digital or analog, and commonly analog computer is special-purpose computer.

•       General –Purpose Computer

                This computer is designed to solve many kinds of problems. It can also use various programs to solve different problems.

Computer base on its Size

•       Micro Computer

•       Mini Computer

•       Small computer

•       Medium Computer

•       Large Computer

•       Super Computer

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